SSL works

SSL is a security protocol that provides to use TCP / IP communications between the application of privacy and integrity. Internet Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to use SSL to achieve secure communications.

Between the client and server data transmitted through the use of symmetric algorithms (such as DES or RC4) for encryption. Public key algorithm (usually RSA) is used to obtain the encryption key exchange and digital signatures, this algorithm uses the server's SSL digital certificate public key. With the server's SSL digital certificate, the client can verify the identity of the server. SSL protocol version 1 and 2 provide only server authentication. Version 3 adds client authentication, this certification also requires the client and the server's digital certificate.

SSL handshake /

SSL connections are always initiated by the client. SSL session at the beginning of the implementation of SSL handshake. This handshake produces the session password parameters. SSL handshake on how to deal with a simple outline, as shown below. This example assumes that in Web browsers and Web servers to establish a SSL connection.






(1) client to send out capacity of the client password client "Hello" message (to client preference order), such as the SSL version of the password on the client support and client support for data compression. Message also contains 28 bytes of random numbers.

(2) server to server "Hello" message response, this message contains password methods (password pair) and selected by the server, data compression, and the session ID and another random number.

Note: client and server must support at least one public password pair, or handshake failure. Server generally choose the largest public password pair.

(3) The server sends its SSL digital certificate. (Server with SSL, X.509 V3 digital certificates.)

If the server uses SSL V3, and the server application (such as Web server) needs a digital certificate for client authentication, the client will issue a "digital certificate request" message. In the "digital certificate request" message, the server to issue digital certificates to support the client list of the types and acceptable CA names.

(4) server to issue server "Hello to complete" message and wait for client response.

(5) a receiving server "Hello to complete" message, the client (Web browser) to verify the server's SSL digital certificate and check the validity of the server's "Hello" message parameters is acceptable.

If the server requested client digital certificate, the client will send its digital certificate; or, if no suitable digital certificate is available, the client will send a "no digital certificate" warning. This warning is just a warning, but if the client digital certificate authentication is mandatory, then the session server application will fail.

(6) The client sends a "client key exchange" message.

This message contains the pre-master secret (a symmetric encryption key used in the generation of 46-byte random number), and message authentication code (MAC) key (with the server's public key encryption).

If the client sends a client-side digital certificate to the server, the client will issue a signed client's private key "digital certificate authentication" message. By verifying the signature of this message, the server can display digital certificates verify the ownership of the client.

Note: If the server does not belong to a digital certificate private key, it will not decrypt the pre-master password, can not create the correct key is a symmetric encryption algorithm, and the handshake will fail.

(7) client using a series of encryption algorithms will be pre-master secret into a master secret, which will send all birth for encryption and message authentication key. Then, the client issued a "change password specification" message will be converted to the new consultation server password pair. The next client to issue a message ("not complete" message) to use this password key encryption method and the first message.

(8) server to its own "Change Password norms" and "completed" message response.

(9) SSL handshake over, and the application can send encrypted data.







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World Cup counterparts: Illustrator drawing three cases of Football

The conduct of the 2006 World Cup is in full swing, how can we remain indifferent? On the bones of this tutorial provides three examples of tutorials Illustrator drawing football, let us also with the World Cup, a fire it! Text entitled "Drawing in Illustrator football", "Drawing with Adobe Illustrator Football" and "Using Adobe Illustrator to create real football."

Example of a video tutorial to teach you draw football



Click here to watch the video tutorial.

Examples of two, draw a simple football



Click here to read tutorial

Three examples, drawing a three-dimensional football



Click here to read tutorial

Example of a video tutorial to teach you draw football

Learning Points

鈽?polygon tool
鈽?reference line (Ctrl +5)
鈽?rotary tool
鈽?once again transform (Ctrl + D)
鈽?clipping masks (Ctrl +7)



Click here to play video tutorial

Right Click here to download the video tutorial (swf file, 2.30MB)

Examples of two, draw a simple football

Using the line tool draw a straight line as shown below (in combination with Shift key to draw a vertical line)





Will maintain the selected line, double-click the rotation tool in the toolbox, pop-up dialog box, shown below, set the rotation angle of 72 degrees (360 梅 5)





Click the "Copy" button, copy the line rotation





Implementation of the Ctrl + D (again transform) command three times



Will be a graphical implementation of the "View> reference is> the establishment of reference line", will become a reference line graphic



With reference to the center line of a circle, hold down the Shift + Alt keys, drawn from the center of a perfect circle, and round to coloring - blue; Stroke - no.



Select the round, double-click the toolbox, zoom tool, zoom tool pop-up dialog box, set up as shown below





Click the "Copy" button, get a copy narrow circle, will change its coloring - white



To a large circular intersection with reference line for the center of a circle, hold down the Alt key, drawn from the center oval, elliptical edge and a small circle and the reference line tangent



Hold down the Alt key, use the rotary tool, in the location of the intersection of reference line click to bring up the rotate dialog box, set the rotation angle as shown below





Click the "Copy" button, get a copy of the elliptical rotation as shown below





Implementation of the Ctrl + D command three times, will round out the three reproduce, use selection tool to the next round white picture hold down the Shift key to select



Implementation of the "Object> Path> Offset Path" command, set the pop-up dialog box as shown below





Click "OK" button, the path will be shown below







Colouring the path to - no; strokes - blue, thick strokes to 4pt





Draw rectangle as shown below



The intersection of reference line as the rotation center of rotation to replicate, as shown in graph 5





Reference line to the intersection of a circle, hold down the Shift + Alt key to draw from the center circle as shown below





Select all of the graphics





Implementation of the "Object> clipping masks> build (Ctrl +7)" command to the top of the circle on the bottom of the formation of shear effect of all graphics







Select using the grouping tool to create clipping masks for the round selected, to strokes to - blue, thickness 3pt





Implementation of the "View> Guides> Clear Guides" command will remove the reference line. Success, and the first pro-a mouth, ha ha.





Three examples, drawing a three-dimensional football

Always thinking about painting football these days, not many spade, and let's begin. Do not ask how such a shape, then painted, have already spoken, there is here, also spoke.





The fill to white, drag the symbols palette







Draw half circle, blue strokes. (Ye draw? Draw a perfect circle, with the direct selection tool to select half of the deletion of that half circle Mody)





Implementation of the "effect> 3D> Raozhuan" command, set in the dialog box as shown below



Click the "map" button, the "symbol" on the choice of the definition of the symbols on the steps, this step need to open the preview, watched adjustment





Preview satisfied, click twice the "OK" button





Results will be a copy, and strokes to white





Using the path outlined triangle shown below, and the implementation of the "Object> Compound Path> build" command. (If you do not know how to draw triangle is very simple, first in the layers palette that the ball will turn off the white display)



Select the white edges of the ball and complex path, the implementation of the "Object> clipping mask> to establish a" command





Using the pen tool draw the path as shown below, and its coloring to red









In the transparency palette will change its hue mixed mode





Using the same method to paint the color of the other





Pen tool draw the shape shown below and use the "Object> Arrange> near the bottom," the graphics placed in the bottom of football



Implementation of the "effect> Fuzzy> Mirror fuzzy" set as shown below





Click "OK" button, as shown in the results





Implementation of the "effect> Fuzzy> Gaussian Blur" setting as shown below





Click "OK" button, as shown in the results





Draw the shape as shown below and fill to the shape of the gradient



Select the following figure in two shapes, click the upper right corner of the transparency palette small triangle, the pop-up menu, select "Create opaque mask" command







The results shown below









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